Directors NIC
There are two main methods for calculating National Insurance Contributions for a director : the ‘Standard Annual Earnings Period‘ method, and the ‘Alternative arrangements‘ method. Both methods result in a director paying exactly the same amount of National Insurance over the course of a tax year, although one method may be more suitable than the other, depending on the level and frequency of pay of the director. This guide explains briefly how each method operates, and shows how to select the appropriate method in Payroll Manager. The GOV.UK publication CA44: National Insurance for Company Directors provides more comprehensive guidance, including what to do in more unusual situations.
1) Standard Annual Earnings Period method of calculating NIC
When using the ‘Standard Annual Earnings Period’ method, a director pays (employee) NICs if the director’s total earnings in the year to date exceed the annual Primary Threshold (PT) and the company pays (employer) NICs if the director’s total earnings in the year to date exceed the annual Secondary Threshold (ST). These thresholds are shown below:
| 2021-22 | 2022-23 | |
| Annual PT (employee NIC) | £9,568 | £11,908 |
| Annual ST (employer NIC) | £8,840 | £9,100 |
| Annual UEL | £50,270 | £50,270 |
Typically a director pays employee NICs at a certain percentage rate on all earnings above the annual PT, until their earnings exceed the annual ‘Upper Earnings Limit’ (UEL), whereby they pay NICs at a different (typically lower) rate.
Examples (rates may be different for directors above state pension age / those using deferment)
In 2021-22 ,using the Standard Annual Earnings Period method, a director will pay employee NIC at a rate of 12% on all earnings in the year to date above £9,568 (PT) , and 2% on any annual earnings that exceed £50,270 (UEL).
In 2022-23 ,using the Standard Annual Earnings Period method, a director will pay employee NIC at a rate of 13.25%* on all earnings in the year to date above £11,908 (PT), and 3.25%* on any annual earnings that exceed £50,270 (UEL).
(*Rates have increased in 2022-23 to fund the ‘NHS, Heath and Social Care’).
When using the ‘Standard Annual Earnings Period’ method of calculating NIC, it is always the directors pay in the year to date that is taken into consideration when calculating the amount of NIC due.
2) Alternative arrangements method calculating NIC
When using the ‘Alternative arrangements’ method, payments are made on account of directors’ NICs during the tax year based on the actual intervals of payment – usually weekly or monthly – in the same way as for other employees, except in the final pay period of the year, where an annual calculation for NIC is made.
This means that if the director is paid regularly each month for example, then it is the monthly Primary Threshold (PT) that is used to calculate the NIC, rather than the annual PT (unless it is the final pay period of the year). These thresholds are shown below:
| 2021-22 | 6 April 2022 – 5 Jul 2022 | 6 Jul 2022 – 5 Apr 2023 | |
| Monthly PT (employee NIC) | £797 | £823 | £1,048 |
| Monthly ST (employer NIC) | £737 | £758 | £758 |
| Monthly UEL | £4,189 | £4,189 | £4,189 |
The Government has decided to raise the level of the PT from 6 April 2022, and then again from 6 July 2022 onwards, so there are actually two different monthly Primary Thresholds in operation for tax year 2022-23 – one which runs for the months of April, May and June 2022, and another which runs from July 2022 to the end of the tax year on 5 April 2023.
Examples (rates may be different for directors above state pension age / those using deferment)
In 2021-22 ,using the Alternative arrangements method, a director will pay employee NIC at a rate of 12% on earnings in that month above £797, and 2% on any monthly earnings that exceed £4,189.
For April, May and June 2022, using the Alternative arrangements method, a director will pay employee NIC at a rate of 13.25%* on earnings in those months above £823, and 3.25%* on any monthly earnings that exceed £4,189.
(*Rates have increased in 2022-23 to fund the ‘NHS, Heath Social Care’).
For July 2022 to February 2023 inclusive, using the Alternative arrangements method, a director will pay employee NIC at a rate of 13.25% on earnings in those months above £1,048, and 3.25% on any monthly earnings that exceed £4,189.
For March 2023, the Annual PT of £11,908 and the Annual UEL of £50,270 are used to calculate the final payment of NIC.
When using the ‘Alternative arrangements’ method of calculating NIC, it is the directors pay in that particular pay period (and not their pay in the year to date) that is taken into consideration when calculating the amount of NIC due, up until the final pay period of the year, where an annual calculation of NIC is made.
In the final pay period of the year
In the final period of the year (i.e. month 12 /week 52 or earlier if the director ceases directorship before the end of the tax year) the ‘Standard Annual Earnings Period’ method is used to calculate NIC for a director (as in Step 1, above). The total pay in the year to date is taken into account when calculating the amount of NIC due for the tax year, using the annual thresholds for directors NIC. Any NIC already paid in the year to date is then subtracted from this total, to give a final balancing figure. This is then deducted from the director’s pay in the final pay period of the year.
3) How to choose which method to use
Both the ‘Standard Annual Earnings Period’ method and the ‘Alternative arrangements’ method result in a director paying exactly the same amount of National Insurance over the course of a tax year, so there is no monetary advantage to choosing one method over the other.
Standard Annual Earnings Period method
If a director is to be paid irregularly, and/or if they are likely to be paid a large bonus at some point during that year, then it is best to use the ‘Standard Annual Earnings Period’ method of calculation. Directors using this method will pay no employee NIC at all until they exceed the annual PT, at which point employee NIC payments become due. (Important – Secondary (Employer) NIC becomes payable once the earnings of the director has exceeded the Secondary Threshold (ST) – which is often lower than the Primary Threshold (PT)
Alternative arrangements method
Some directors wish to be paid fixed monthly (or weekly) amounts in each pay period of the year. Such directors may elect to use the ‘Alternative arrangements’ method for the calculation of NIC, to ensure that their net pay remains the same in every pay period.
The GOV.UK publication CA44: National Insurance for Company Directors specifies the ‘Qualifying Conditions’ that need to be met in order to use the Alternative arrangements:
You’ll be able to take advantage of this arrangement if:
• the director agrees to NICs being assessed in this way
• the director normally receives his earnings in a payment pattern for which a regular earnings period can be established for the assessment of NICs
• those payments normally exceed the LEL for the pay period concerned
You should not choose the Alternative arrangements method if you expect the director to be paid above the monthly UEL in some pay periods but below the monthly UEL in others (e.g. if the director is to be paid a large bonus in one month, but a much smaller amount in other months). Doing so may result in a ‘larger than usual’ calculation of NIC in the final pay period of the tax year, as the ‘annual’ method is then used to determine the final amount of NIC due.
4) Where to specify the calculation method to use in Payroll Manager
When adding a new employee to Payroll Manager there is a ‘tick-box’ where you indicate that the employee is a director. By default, the software will use the ‘Standard Annual Earnings Period’ method of calculation.
If you wish to use the ‘Alternative arrangements’ method for a particular director, then this must be specified at the beginning of the tax year. Click ‘Employees‘ then ‘Employee Details‘ from the main menu in Payroll Manager, then click on the ‘Work‘ tab. Select the option to use the ‘alternative arrangements‘ method and click ‘OK‘.
Once a calculation method has been set and the director has been paid then you must keep using the same NIC calculation method for the remainder of the tax year. The chosen calculation method is automatically carried forward, year-by-year, by Payroll Manager.
5) Viewing the calculation of directors NIC
When an employee has been set as a director, an indicator appears on the left hand side ‘Pay Details‘ screen in each pay period.
An upper case ‘D‘ indicates that the ‘Standard Annual Earnings Period’ is in use for this director (below):
A lower case ‘d‘ indicates that the ‘Alternative arrangements’ method is being used (below):
If you wish to see how the NIC has been calculated for a director, then select the relevant pay period on the ‘Pay Details‘ screen, then click on the ‘Click here for explanation‘ button at the bottom-left hand side of the screen, and select ‘NIC‘.
A report will appear giving a full breakdown of the NIC calculations (for both employee and employer NIC).
6) If a director is appointed mid way through a tax year, or leaves before the end of a tax year
Director appointed during tax year
A director that is appointed during a tax year will have a pro rata annual earnings period for the remainder of that year. This is determined by the number of weeks in that tax year for which the employee is a director (regardless of their pay frequency).
e.g. in 2022-23 the Primary annual threshold for directors is £11,908. If an employee is appointed as a director on 1st October 2022, then they will be a director for the remaining 27 weeks of that tax year. The pro rata annual PT for that director will therefore be £11,908 x 27/52.
Payroll Manager handles these calculations automatically, based on the date entered as the ‘Start of directorship‘ on the ‘Employees – Employee Details – Work‘ screen. (If this field has been left blank, but the director has a ‘Date Started’ entered on the Employee Details screen that is in the current tax year, then Payroll Manager will use this date instead).
Director leaves / terminates directorship during tax year
If a director leaves / terminates their directorship during the tax year, then NIC is still calculated based on the full annual earnings period, and is not pro rated. If the ‘Alternative arrangements’ method of calculating NIC is in use for a director that leaves before the end of the tax year then the pay period in which they leave is deemed to be the ‘final’ period of the year, and the ‘Standard Annual Earnings Period’ method is used to calculate the amount of NIC due (as per section 2, above).
7) Potential problems at year end when using the Alternative arrangements method
The ‘Alternative arrangements’ method should only be used if the director is to be paid regularly throughout the year (see section 3). In cases where the Alternative arrangements method has been used in error, and where the pay for a director has not been regular throughout the year, then the mathematics of the calculation of NIC in the final pay period of the year may mean that more NIC is due in that period than the director is actually being paid.
(The reasons behind this are complex, but typically this happens because the ‘Alternative arrangements’ method uses monthly (or weekly) NIC thresholds in all pay periods except the final one, and it may be that the directors earnings have exceeded the monthly UEL in some periods, but not in others (perhaps if the director was in receipt of a large bonus in one particular pay period, or perhaps they were paid nothing at all in some pay periods). Earnings above the UEL typically attract a lower rate of NIC, which can then mean that more NIC is due at the end of the year, when the annual UEL is used.)
In order to prevent an underpayment of NIC for the year, the director must be paid enough in the final period of the year to cover any NIC still due. The ‘net-to-gross‘ calculator in Payroll Manager can help with this.
Using the net to gross calculator
Example. The ‘Alternative arrangements’ method has been used for a director who had variable pay in the year, and as such is not being paid enough in the final pay period to cover the NIC due. A warning message may appear at the bottom of the Pay Details screen to indicate this (below).
It is decided that the director will be paid just enough to cover the outstanding NIC, so that their net pay will be zero.
The user clicks in the ‘Basic Pay‘ column for March, then clicks on the ‘Net-to-gross’ button on the toolbar, enters 0.00 as the desired net pay, and clicks ‘OK‘.
Payroll Manager calculates that a Basic pay of £1,140.70 will achieve a net pay of zero. The user click ‘Yes‘ to accept this.
The gross figure then appears in the Basic Pay column. The director has then paid the correct amount of NIC for the year.
If it is expected that the directors pay will not be regular in the following tax year then the user should change the method of calculation to the ‘Standard Annual Earnings Period’ method from the start of that tax year ( see section 4)
Links
The GOV.UK CA44: National Insurance for company directors
Payroll Manager: National Insurance categories and rates